By Trita Parsi
Have the diplomatic efforts of the Obama management towards Iran failed? was once the Bush administration's emphasis on army intervention, refusal to barter, and pursuit of regime switch a greater process? How can the us most sensible tackle the continued turmoil in Tehran? This booklet presents a definitive and entire research of the Obama administration's early diplomatic outreach to Iran and discusses tips on how to stream towards extra confident relatives among the 2 discordant states.
Trita Parsi, a center East international coverage professional with vast Capitol Hill and United international locations event, interviewed 70 high-ranking officers from the united states, Iran, Europe, Israel, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Brazil—including the pinnacle American and Iranian negotiators—for this booklet. Parsi uncovers the formerly unknown tale of yank and Iranian negotiations in the course of Obama's early years as president, the calculations in the back of the 2 nations' dealings, and the genuine purposes for his or her present stalemate. opposite to triumphing opinion, Parsi contends that international relations has no longer been absolutely attempted. for numerous purposes, Obama's international relations ended up being a unmarried roll of the cube. It needed to paintings both immediately—or certainly not. patience and perseverance are keys to any negotiation. Neither Iran nor the U.S. had them in 2009.
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Extra resources for A Single Roll of the Dice: Obama's Diplomacy with Iran
Sample text
Second, the predominant sentiment in the Kashmir Valley was a strong opposition to feudal practices, and the National Conference was fighting that battle. Pakistan was concerned not so much about being incomplete without Kashmir as about seeing a Muslim-majority state voluntarily opting to join India. That would have delivered a body blow to the two-nation theory even before it had planted its feet in the newly created Dominion of Pakistan. The Muslim League was happy to blame a Hindu maharaja for the accession to Hindu India because it would have been far more difficult to explain how a popular Muslim leader like Sheikh Abdullah could have chosen to join India or completely repudiate the two-nation theory, which he felt “breathed poison into the amosphere”: “My organization and I never believed in the formula that Muslims and Hindus form separate nations.
Realizing that Kashmiri political aspirations as articulated by the National Conference could not be met within the Indian union, Sheikh Abdullah began exploring the idea of an independent Kashmir. This brought Kashmiris in serious collision with the center. Up to that point, their disagreements had basically been about the primacy of the center’s identity and the degree of political autonomy that Kashmir could expect as a state of the nation. Kashmir had now gone a step too far: the demand for a sovereign space outside the union challenged India’s sovereignty and territorial integrity.
62 Chowdhary Hamidullah, acting president of the conference, had already promised the maharaja “the support and the cooperation of the Muslims forming a[n] 80 percent majority in the state, as represented by this authoritative organization, the Muslim Conference. ”63 Since Kashmir was 0860-2 ch01 11/10/06 2:17 PM Page 25 Redefining the Parameters / 25 a Muslim-majority state, the Muslim Conference reasoned, the maharaja would be forced to hand over (or at least share) state power with the Muslims.