By Charles E. Carraher Jr.
Advent to Polymers Polymer constitution (Morphology) Molecular Weight of Polymers Polycondensation Polymers (Step-Reaction Polymerization) Ionic Chain-Reaction and complicated Coordination Polymerization loose Radical Chain Polymerization (Addition Polymerization) Copolymerization Composites and Fillers clearly happening Polymers-Plants certainly happening Polymers-Animals Organometallic and Inorganic-Organic �Read more...
summary: advent to Polymers Polymer constitution (Morphology) Molecular Weight of Polymers Polycondensation Polymers (Step-Reaction Polymerization) Ionic Chain-Reaction and intricate Coordination Polymerization loose Radical Chain Polymerization (Addition Polymerization) Copolymerization Composites and Fillers evidently happening Polymers-Plants certainly taking place Polymers-Animals Organometallic and Inorganic-Organic Polymers Inorganic Polymers checking out and Spectrometric Characterization of Polymers Rheology and actual checks ingredients Reactions on Polymers Synthesis of Reactants and Intermediates for
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Extra resources for Carraher's Polymer Chemistry, Eighth Edition
Sample text
After several days the liquid turned to a solid. The solid bounced and eventually was shown to be a synthetic rubber polychloroprene whose properties were similar to those of vulcanized rubber but it was superior in its resistance to ozone, ordinary oxidation, and to most organic liquids. ” Also in 1930, Carothers and Julian Hill designed a process to remove water that was formed during the esterification reaction. Essentially they simply froze the water as it was removed using another recent invention called a molecular still (basically a heating plate coupled to vacuum) allowing the formation of longer chains.
The process of “cold drawing” was discovered by Carothers’ group. Although interesting, the fibers were not considered to be of commercial use. Carothers and his group then moved to look at the reaction of diacids with diamines instead of diols. Again, fibers were formed but these initial materials were deemed not to be particularly interesting. In 1934, Paul Flory was hired to work with Carothers to help gain a mathematical understanding of the polymerization process and relationships. Thus, there was an early association between theory and practice or structure–property relationships.
The ancient Greeks classified all matter as animal, vegetable, and mineral. Minerals were emphasized by the alchemists, but medieval artisans emphasized animal and vegetable matter. All are largely polymeric and are important to life as we know it. Most chemists, biochemists, and chemical engineers are now involved in some phase of polymer science or technology. The word polymer is derived from the Greek poly and meros, meaning many and parts, respectively. Some scientists prefer to use the word macromolecule, or large molecule, instead of polymer.