By Ruth Kaufmann-Hayoz, Heinz Gutscher
This publication effects from a pioneering attempt to arrange a effective interdisciplinary examine application on sustainable improvement coverage in a small kingdom no longer formerly well-known as an international chief in environmental social technology. the implications are very promising, contemplating the quick time-frame and the excessive obstacles to luck for such an firm - adjustments in ideas and terminology, disciplinary myopia, and the inherent hassle of the matter. within the united states, the place I paintings, those obstacles proceed to pose significant demanding situations after a few 30 years of attempt. Switzerland has made noteworthy development in just 5. i am hoping this publication represents the start of a protracted time period attempt at problem-oriented interdisciplinary collaboration between Swiss researchers and prac titioners. The Swiss crew has succeeded in constructing a unifying framework that makes a tremendous contri bution to environmental coverage research. The framework broadens coverage pondering by means of giving se rious remedy to underutilized innovations that depend upon communique and casual impact in addition to to well-studied ones that depend on technological swap, legislation, and financial forces. This vast typology makes it more uncomplicated for an analyst to flee the tendency to presume that the po licy tool at present in type, even if or not it's market-based tools, voluntary measures, or no matter what, is definitely the right method for all difficulties. It additionally encourages discipline-based analysts to think about how their favorite thoughts can be mixed with different thoughts much less wide-spread to them, and hence to craft techniques that could benefit from the strengths of assorted coverage instruments.
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Additional info for Changing Things — Moving People: Strategies for Promoting Sustainable Development at the Local Level
Example text
3. Target groups Command and control instruments can be used to influence the behaviour of any target group individuals as well as corporate actors or private companies. Basically, command and control instruments apply in the same way to every actor or group of actors specified in the legal norm. 4. Implementation and enforcement The implementation and enforcement of command and control instruments can be troublesome in many respects. Often, implementation places heavy demands on technical competence as well as on the amount of available human and financial resources (Mayntz, 1980; 1983).
As a result of such a discourse, command and control instruments can be applied in order to prevent harmful forms of communication. Every legal system is likely to contain regulations pertaining to contents that may not be legally expressed publicly in words or images. For example, the Swiss penal code prohibits the distribution of ideologies that are based upon systematic discrimination of racial or ethnical groups. Similar regulations exist with regard to pornography. Restrictions of advertising for cigarettes or alcohol are additional examples of controlling communicated contents.
An important example is the building and management of networks. In the area of sustainability strategies, for instance, networks represent an important intermediate goal that can be achieved through communication and diffusion instruments. Self-diffusion through the effects of the mass media on its own, finally, also plays a role when the successful initial diffusion is itself a media event. This occurred in September 2000 in France, when the media gave coverage to the blockades of oil refineries and service stations that were organised all over the country as a reaction to increases in the price of petrol.