By Joseph J. Bozell (Eds.)
content material: Chemical and fabrics from renewable assets / Joseph J. Bozell --
Polyhydroxyalkanoates: the reply to sustainable polymer construction / Tillman U. Gerngross --
imaginative and prescient for renewable assets / James S. Mclaren --
Synthesis of đ-aminolevulinic acid / Luc Moens --
Levulinate esters from biomass wastes / Edwin S. Olson ... [et al.] --
Carbohydrate diacids: capability as advertisement chemical compounds and hydrophobic polyamide precursors / D.E. Kiely --
Levoglucosenone: a chiral construction block with a brand new standpoint / Zbigniew J. Witczak --
New oligomers and polymers bearing furan moieties / Claire Coutterez ... [et al.] --
Furfural and levoglucosan creation from deciduous wooden and agricultural wasters / Janis Gravitis ... [et al.] --
Pretreatment tactics to extend pyrolytic yield of levoglucosan from herbaceous feedstocks / Robert C. Brown, Desmond Radlein, and Jan Piskorz --
3-Dehydroshikimic acid: a development block for chemical synthesis from renewable feedstocks / K.M. Draths ... [et al.] --
Synthesis and homes of polymers derived from substituted lactic acids / Mao Yin, Tara L. Simmons, and Gregory L. Baker --
built-in method for the construction of chemical compounds from biologically derived succinic acid / Nhuan Nghiem ... [et al.] --
Use of version compounds to check the reactivity and cross-linking of normal phenolics / Stephen S. Kelley ... [et al.] --
Thermoplastic polyesters from steam exploded wooden / Wolfgang G. Glasser and Rajesh ok. Jain.
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Content material: Chemical and fabrics from renewable assets / Joseph J. Bozell -- Polyhydroxyalkanoates: the reply to sustainable polymer construction / Tillman U. Gerngross -- imaginative and prescient for renewable assets / James S. Mclaren -- Synthesis of đ-aminolevulinic acid / Luc Moens -- Levulinate esters from biomass wastes / Edwin S.
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Additional resources for Chemicals and Materials from Renewable Resources
Example text
An analogous sequence was patented that applied this photochemical protocol to the phthalimide form of furfural. In a more recent report, ruthenium trichloride was used as an oxidizing agent in the ring opening of the phthalimide of tetrahydrofiirfurylamine(/P,20). Closely related to this work is the oxidative ring opening of amine 8 to DALA with chromium oxide in sulfuric acid (Figure 4) (21). ; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2001. 41 ΒζΗΝ Ό M e 0 ΒζΗΝ H (95%) Ό ΒζΗΝ Ό (75%) !
The relative quantities suppliedfrom each area will continue to change with time. At the present point in time, hydrocarbon-based supply makes up about 95% of industrial inputs, with only about 3-5% arising from agriculture/forestry (excluding the use of wood for furniture and house building). Such a large reliance on the fossil fuel base is problematical due to: a) the fact that fossil fuels are a finite source and non-renewable within human time-frames. While debate exists as to the supply volume and duration, any crisis will likely be driven more by dramatic price volatility and this will occur long before the supply runs out.
DALA that is not taken up by the plants decomposes within a day or two, so toxicity and impact on the environment are minimal. Under greenhouse conditions, D A L A is only effective on dicotyledons or broadleaf plants. Monocotyledons such as grasses and grains are able to tolerate it. As such, DALA may be ideal for killing broadleaf weeds in grass such as in turf farms, golf courses, and residential lawns. Similarly, it can be used for monocotyledon crops such as corn, wheat, oats, and barley. For both of these uses, DALA requires the addition of small amounts of chemical "modulators" to trigger its herbicidal action.