
By Salem Press
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Not all ecosystems can be saved. Establishing priorities involves many considerations, some of which are economic and political. Ideally, choices would be made on merit: rarity, size, number of endangered species they include, and other objective, scientific criteria. 34 Biodiversity Genetic Diversity Most of the variation among individuals of the same species is caused by the different genotypes (combinations of genes) that they possess. Such genetic diversity is readily apparent in cultivated or domesticated species such as cats, dogs, and corn, but also exists, though usually to a lesser degree, in wild species.
Models are devised, based on observable data; formulas are employed; and projections are made, which provide a basis for speculative argument when absolutes cannot be assured. By observing, it is possible to determine whether various evidences of altruism exist within a population. Altruism may be manifested in as simple a way as the sharing of food when there is a scarcity. In some populations, one might observe a division of labor in which some forfeit their reproductive possibilities in order to care for the offspring of others.
Lauder, eds. Adaptation. : Academic Press, 1996. Weibel, Ewald R. Symmorphosis: On Form and Function in Shaping Life. : Harvard University Press, 2000. Whitfield, Philip. From So Simple a Beginning: The Book of Evolution. New York: Macmillan, 1995. 11 ADAPTIVE RADIATION Types of ecology: Evolutionary ecology; Population ecology; Speciation In adaptive radiation, numerous species evolve from a common ancestor introduced into an environment with diverse ecological niches. The progeny evolve genetically into customized variations of themselves, each adapting to survive in a particular niche.