By Philippe Basset, Elena Blokhina, Dimitri Galayko
Harvesting kinetic strength is an efficient chance to strength instant sensor in a vibratory setting. in addition to classical equipment in response to electromagnetic and piezoelectric mechanisms, electrostatic transduction has an excellent standpoint particularly while facing small units in accordance with MEMS know-how. This publication describes intimately the primary of such capacitive Kinetic strength Harvesters in response to a spring-mass process. particular issues regarding the layout and operation of kinetic strength harvesters (KEHs) with a capacitive interface are provided intimately: complex experiences on their nonlinear good points, commonplace conditioning circuits and useful MEMS fabrication.
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Extra info for Electrostatic kinetic energy harvesting
Example text
However, we assume that, on average, the external vibrations deliver the power to the resonator. 3, the transducer force and the damping force are non-conservative and, on average, removed the power from the resonator. (Thus, the average power due to Fdamping and Ft is lesser than zero, while the average power due to Fext is positive). 27] t where T is the period of F (t). 27]. 5) where we discuss the natural dynamics of the resonator. However, we note here that in a steadystate regime, when the resonator of a KEH displays forced oscillations, the average energy stored in the resonator does not change and so dW/dt = 0.
In a more general case, a potential force may be a nonlinear function of the objects’s position. In an isolated mechanical system with only potential forces, total energy is conserved. For this reason, the potential forces are also called conservative. However in practice, all mechanical systems experience a loss of energy, mainly due to different kinds of friction. For example, let us consider a body with an initial velocity v sliding on a rough uniform horizontal surface. It will eventually lose its momentum and stop.
G. a car), the harvested power must be negligible compared to the power generated from the “normal” operation of the ambient system. 38] is useless, since it will give zero efficiency in all cases. But what is the maximal input power that can ideally be extracted from the mechanical domain by a harvester? 37]. This maximum is independent of the technology used for electromechanical conversion. 37] is defined by two parameters describing the harvester (m and Xlim ) and two parameters dictated by the vibration source (ωext and Aext ).