By Anis Zribi, Jeffrey Fortin
This booklet discusses advances in useful skinny movies for sensors and novel strategies for destiny breakthroughs. the focal point is on instructions and layout ideas for sensor platforms, interplay among sensible skinny motion pictures and different sensor subsystems, basics in the back of the intrinsic performance in sensing skinny movies and nanostructures, cutting-edge applied sciences used to advance sensors at the present time and urban examples of sensor designs.
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Extra info for Functional Thin Films and Nanostructures for Sensors: Synthesis, Physics and Applications
Example text
Fig. 11 shows an example. Spin Coating Methods Spin coating is a simple but well-known technique to prepare thin films from liquid. One of the most important applications of spin coating is to cast photoresistant films for the lithography processes during microfabrication. A typical spin coating 40 Y. Zhao (a) A Block A B A B A A A B B B A A B Block B B (b) lamellae cylinders spheres Fig. 10 (a) A block copolymer consists of homogeneous blocks, A (lighter) and B (darker), connected by a covalent bond, drawn here for equal lengths of A and B blocks.
Before reaching the collection plate, the liquid jet evaporates or solidifies and is collected as an interconnected web on the plate. The critical parameters for electrospinning are voltage, the distance between the collection plate and the capillary tube, the properties of the liquid, such as viscosity, evaporation, or solidification rate, syringe pumping speed, and so on. Two examples are shown in Fig. 15. With the process conditions properly tuned along with the proper designing of the collection method, capillary tubes, porous nanofibers, aligned nanofibers, tubelike fibers, and so on, are all achievable.
In general, a specific catalyst must be chosen for each material, and usually the growth temperature is relatively high. Physical Vapor Deposition Methods Physical vapor deposition (PVD) is a conventional process for thin-film deposition. As shown in Fig. 5, the PVD process involves at least the following steps: (1) the material to be deposited is converted from condensed phase into vapor phase by 36 Y. Zhao Fig. 6 Three major processes for PVD: (a) thermal evaporation, (b) sputtering growth, and (c) pulsed laser deposition physical means, (2) the vapor transports from its source to the substrate, and (3) the vapor condenses on the substrate to form the thin film.